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<meta>
      <topic id="textscalc0104060105xml" indexer="include">
         <title xml-lang="en-US" id="tit">Logical Functions</title>
         <filename>/text/scalc/01/04060105.xhp</filename>
      </topic>
   </meta>
   <body>
<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3153484"><bookmark_value>logical functions</bookmark_value>
      <bookmark_value>Function Wizard; logical</bookmark_value>
      <bookmark_value>functions; logical functions</bookmark_value>
</bookmark>
<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3153484" role="heading" level="1">Logical Functions</paragraph>
      <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3149312" role="paragraph"><variable id="logischtext">This category contains the <emph>Logical</emph> functions.
</variable></paragraph>
<paragraph role="heading" id="hd_id631520887352751" level="3" xml-lang="en-US">Handling non-logical arguments in logical functions</paragraph>
<list type="unordered">
    <listitem>
        <paragraph id="par_id431520887384579"  role="listitem" xml-lang="en-US">Zero (0) is equivalent to FALSE and all other numbers are equivalent to TRUE.</paragraph>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
        <paragraph id="par_id881520887475288"  role="listitem" xml-lang="en-US">Empty cells and text in cells are ignored.</paragraph>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
        <paragraph id="par_id461520887504085"  role="listitem" xml-lang="en-US">A #VALUE error is raised if all arguments are ignored.</paragraph>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
        <paragraph id="par_id591520888006686"  role="listitem" xml-lang="en-US">A #VALUE error is raised if one argument is direct text (not text in a cell).</paragraph>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
        <paragraph id="par_id321520889630477"  role="listitem" xml-lang="en-US">Errors as argument lead to an error.</paragraph>
    </listitem>
</list>
      <section id="howtoget">
         <embed href="text/scalc/00/00000404.xhp#eikalo"/>
      </section>
<sort order="asc">
<section id="Section6">
<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3147505"><bookmark_value>AND function</bookmark_value>
</bookmark>
<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_UND" id="bm_id3145320" localize="false"/>
<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3147505" role="heading" level="2">AND</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3153959" role="paragraph"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_UND">Returns TRUE if all arguments are TRUE.</ahelp> If one of the elements is FALSE, this function returns the FALSE value.</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3146100" role="paragraph">The arguments are either logical expressions themselves (TRUE, 1&lt;5, 2+3=7, B8&lt;10) that return logical values, or arrays (A1:C3) containing logical values.</paragraph>
         <embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionsyntax"/>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3159123" role="code">AND(LogicalValue1; LogicalValue2 ...LogicalValue30)</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3150038" role="paragraph">
            <emph>LogicalValue1; LogicalValue2 ...LogicalValue30</emph> are conditions to be checked. All conditions can be either TRUE or FALSE. If a range is entered as a parameter, the function uses all values of the range. The result is TRUE if the logical value in all cells within the cell range is TRUE.</paragraph>
        <embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionexample"/>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3153123" role="paragraph">The logical values of entries 12&lt;13; 14&gt;12, and 7&lt;6 are to be checked:</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3145632" role="paragraph">
            <item type="input">=AND(12&lt;13;14&gt;12;7&lt;6)</item> returns FALSE.</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3149946" role="paragraph">
            <item type="input">=AND (FALSE;TRUE)</item> returns FALSE.</paragraph>
      </section>
      <section id="Section5">
<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3149015"><bookmark_value>FALSE function</bookmark_value>
</bookmark>
<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_FALSCH" id="bm_id3154678" localize="false"/>
<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3149015" role="heading" level="2">FALSE</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3149890" role="paragraph"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_FALSCH">Returns the logical value FALSE.</ahelp> The FALSE() function does not require any arguments, and always returns the logical value FALSE.</paragraph>
         <embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionsyntax"/>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3150030" role="code">FALSE()</paragraph>
         <embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionexample"/>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3154842" role="paragraph">
            <item type="input">=FALSE()</item> returns FALSE</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3147468" role="paragraph">
            <item type="input">=NOT(FALSE())</item> returns TRUE</paragraph>
      </section>
      <section id="Section4">
<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3150141"><bookmark_value>IF function</bookmark_value>
</bookmark>
<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_WENN" id="bm_id3152789" localize="false"/>
<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3150141" role="heading" level="2">IF</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3148740" role="paragraph"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_WENN">Specifies a logical test to be performed.</ahelp></paragraph>
         <embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionsyntax"/>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3154558" role="code">IF(Test; ThenValue; OtherwiseValue)</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3149727" role="paragraph">
            <emph>Test</emph> is any value or expression that can be TRUE or FALSE.</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3155828" role="paragraph">
            <emph>ThenValue</emph> (optional) is the value that is returned if the logical test is TRUE.</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3154811" role="paragraph">
            <emph>OtherwiseValue</emph> (optional) is the value that is returned if the logical test is FALSE.</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_idN107FA" role="paragraph" localize="false">
            <embedvar href="text/scalc/00/00000004.xhp#optional"/>
         </paragraph>
         <embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionexample"/>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3150867" role="paragraph">
            <item type="input">=IF(A1&gt;5;100;"too small")</item> If the value in A1 is higher than 5, the value 100 is entered in the current cell; otherwise, the text “too small” (without quotes) is entered.</paragraph>
      </section>
      <section id="Section3">
<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3155954"><bookmark_value>NOT function</bookmark_value>
</bookmark>
<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_NICHT" id="bm_id3145168" localize="false"/>
<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3155954" role="heading" level="2">NOT</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3153570" role="paragraph"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_NICHT">Complements (inverts) a logical value.</ahelp></paragraph>
         <embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionsyntax"/>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3157996" role="code">NOT(LogicalValue)</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3148766" role="paragraph">
            <emph>LogicalValue</emph> is any value to be complemented.</paragraph>
        <embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionexample"/>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3150132" role="paragraph">
            <item type="input">=NOT(A)</item>. If A=TRUE then NOT(A) will evaluate FALSE.</paragraph>
      </section>
      <section id="Section2">
<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3148394"><bookmark_value>OR function</bookmark_value>
</bookmark>
<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_ODER" id="bm_id3155620" localize="false"/>
<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3148394" role="heading" level="2">OR</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3156060" role="paragraph"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_ODER">Returns TRUE if at least one argument is TRUE.</ahelp> This function returns the value FALSE, if all the arguments have the logical value FALSE.</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3148771" role="paragraph">The arguments are either logical expressions themselves (TRUE, 1&lt;5, 2+3=7, B8&lt;10) that return logical values, or arrays (A1:C3) containing logical values.</paragraph>
         <embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionsyntax"/>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3150468" role="code">OR(LogicalValue1; LogicalValue2 ...LogicalValue30)</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3155819" role="paragraph">
            <emph>LogicalValue1; LogicalValue2 ...LogicalValue30</emph> are conditions to be checked. All conditions can be either TRUE or FALSE. If a range is entered as a parameter, the function uses all values of the range.<comment>UFI: first try to fix bugtraq 4905779</comment></paragraph>
        <embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionexample"/>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3154870" role="paragraph">The logical values of entries 12&lt;11; 13&gt;22, and 45=45 are to be checked.</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3155371" role="paragraph">
            <item type="input">=OR(12&lt;11;13&gt;22;45=45)</item> returns TRUE.</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3158412" role="paragraph">
            <item type="input">=OR(FALSE;TRUE)</item> returns TRUE.</paragraph>
      </section>
      <section id="Section1">
<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3156256"><bookmark_value>TRUE function</bookmark_value>
</bookmark>
<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_WAHR" id="bm_id3148426" localize="false"/>
<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3156256" role="heading" level="2">TRUE</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3155985" role="paragraph"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_WAHR">The logical value is set to TRUE.</ahelp> The TRUE() function does not require any arguments, and always returns the logical value TRUE.</paragraph>
         <embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionsyntax"/>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3152590" role="code">TRUE()</paragraph>
         <embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionexample"/>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3146148" role="paragraph">If A=TRUE and B=FALSE the following examples appear:</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3083285" role="paragraph">
            <item type="input">=AND(A;B)</item> returns FALSE</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3083444" role="paragraph">
            <item type="input">=OR(A;B)</item> returns TRUE</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3154314" role="paragraph">
            <item type="input">=NOT(AND(A;B))</item> returns TRUE</paragraph>
      </section>
      <section id="Section0">
<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3156257"><bookmark_value>XOR function</bookmark_value>
</bookmark>
<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_XOR" id="bm_id3148427" localize="false"/>
<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3156257" role="heading" level="2">XOR</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3155987" role="paragraph"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_XOR">Returns true if an odd number of arguments evaluates to TRUE.</ahelp></paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3148772" role="paragraph">The arguments are either logical expressions themselves (TRUE, 1&lt;5, 2+3=7, B8&lt;10) that return logical values, or arrays (A1:C3) containing logical values.</paragraph>
         <embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionsyntax"/>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3150469" role="code">XOR(LogicalValue1; LogicalValue2 ...LogicalValue30)</paragraph>
         <embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionexample"/>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3083286" role="paragraph">
            <item type="input">=XOR(TRUE;TRUE)</item> returns FALSE</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3083445" role="paragraph">
            <item type="input">=XOR(TRUE;TRUE;TRUE)</item> returns TRUE</paragraph>
         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3154315" role="paragraph">
            <item type="input">=XOR(FALSE;TRUE)</item> returns TRUE</paragraph>
      </section>
</sort>
<section id="relatedtopics">
         <embed href="text/scalc/01/04060100.xhp#drking"/>
      </section>
   </body>
</helpdocument>
